Improving MANET routing with satellite out-of-band signaling

International audienceRouting in mobile ad hoc networks is a complex task due to the mobility of the nodes and the constraints linked to a wireless multihop network (e.g., limited bandwidth, collisions, and bit errors). These adverse conditions impair not only data traffic but also routing signaling traffic, which feeds route computation. In this contribution, we propose to use satellite communications to help in the distribution of mobile ad hoc network routing signaling. The optimized link-state routing (OLSR) is chosen among several routing protocols to be extended with satellite-based signaling, yielding a version we call OLSR hybrid signaling (OLSR-H). This new scheme is evaluated through simulations and yields improvements of approximately 10% in the data delivery ratio compared with a regular OLSR. This evaluation is conducted using two different network topology models, one being fit for representing forest firefighting operations

An early warning for better planning of agricultural expansion and biodiversity conservation in the Orinoco high plains of Colombia

The eastern high plains of the Orinoco region in Colombia are known as ‘Altillanura’. They are considered the future agricultural frontier of Colombia. Unfortunately, an agricultural expansion without taking in consideration areas of high biodiversity and conservation of fragile ecosystems that are ecologically irreplaceable will likely fail in providing a sustainable grow. An orderly management planning of the territory based on scientific evidence is currently lacking for this region. Specifically, studies that combine biodiversity data and agricultural information are a major research gap. This study analyses the spatial patterns of species richness and endemism of flora and fauna at the site and subregional levels. We compared the spatial changes of biodiversity patterns with aspects related to the expansion of the agricultural frontier and its possible impacts. We found a west-to-east pattern; sites closer to the Andes were more exposed to ecological degradation than those in the east. Santa Rosalía and Puerto Lopez are the municipalities with the most remarkable species diversity. Conversely, La Primavera municipality has the most significant number of endemic species. Our spatial changes results raise the alarm showing that hotspots of diversity closer to the municipalities of Puerto Lopez and Puerto Gaitan are under more pressure than underdeveloped municipalities (La Primavera and Puerto Carreño). Our results could serve as a baseline to identify spatial changes of agrobiodiversity and a guideline for land-use planning, regional policies and local decision-makers to improve regional development in Colombia’s eastern plains region

Afección en la salud mental de las familias de los jóvenes consumidores de sustancias psi coactivas en edad escolar de 12 a 17 años.

La presente propuesta de investigación, surgió a partir de la indagación y la interacción realizada en la ciudad de Bogotá e Ibagué Tolima, con el objetivo de determinar la afección en la salud mental de las familias de los jóvenes consumidores de sustancias psicoactivas en edad escolar de 12 a 17 años residentes en las poblaciones. Luego de delimitar la comunidad objeto, cinco poblaciones cuatro de la ciudad de Bogotá y una de Ibagué, se efectúo la recopilación de la información aplicado herramientas encuestas diseñadas para tal fin, por medio de análisis cualitativos y cuantitativos de los datos obtenidos en el proyecto de investigación se puede concluir que tanto el joven adicto como el entorno familiar que lo rodea sufren las secuelas de la problemática presentada. Se establecieron objetivos claros y que pudieran llevar a la realización del proyecto investigativo. Es una propuesta de acercamiento a cada comunidad con la finalidad de conocer de cerca las problemáticas y conjuntamente identificar características propias del proyecto de investigación.The present research proposal, emerged from the inquiry and interaction carried out in the city of Bogota and Ibague Tolima, with the aim of determining the condition in the mental health of the families of the young consumers of psychoactive substances among school age from 12 to 17 years resident in the populations. Then to delimit the object community, five populations four of the city of Bogota and one of Ibague, was carried out the collection of the information applied tools surveys designed for that purpose by means of qualitative and quantitative analysis of the data obtained in the research project can be concluded that both the young addict as the family environment that surrounds it suffer the consequences of the problem presented. Set out clear objectives and that could lead to the realization of the research project. It is a proposal to move closer to each community with the purpose to find out more about the problematic and jointly identify characteristics of the research project

Turbulencia empresarial en Colombia : caso sector bebidas no alcohólicas

La dirección y gerencia de empresas en el mundo globalizado actual requiere de herramientas eficientes y eficaces que permitan una mejor toma de decisiones. Después de la crisis financiera mundial del año 2008, las empresas han comenzado a recuperar consciencia sobre el uso de la información y el análisis de ésta para una toma de decisiones acertada que reduzca al mínimo los niveles de incertidumbre. Apoyados en un proceso de monitoreo del entorno, los tomadores de decisiones pueden garantizar en las organizaciones la generación de ventajas competitivas sostenibles que le permitan perdurabilidad, entendida ésta como la obtención de resultados financieros superiores, el manejo adecuado de fuerzas de mercado y el enfoque permanente de oportunidades no explotadas con ejecución productiva de cadena de valor. Con el desarrollo de la metodología AESE −Análisis Estructural de Sectores Estratégicos− elaborada por Hugo Alberto Rivera Rodríguez y Luis Fernando Restrepo Puerta, profesores de la Universidad del Rosario de Bogotá, Colombia, esta posibilidad se hace realidad. Al usar información financiera y cualitativa del cualquier sector, la empresa obtendrá una visualización objetiva del estado de un sector y sus oportunidades. Como complemento a la metodología de análisis sectorial, se debe estudiar el nivel de turbulencia de cada sector, lo que permite identificar si se presenta dinamismo, incertidumbre y complejidad, y plantear alternativas de solución a esta situación. La turbulencia no debe ser concebida como una situación negativa para las empresas, por el contrario se convierte en una posibilidad de crecimiento para quienes sepan aprovechar las oportunidades que ésta entrega. Este documento contiene el análisis del sector de bebidas no alcohólicas en Colombia, actividad que a nivel mundial ha presentado cambios significativos en los últimos cinco años. Según cifras de ‘Datamonitor’ actualizadas, el crecimiento anual registrado se ha mantenido entre el 4 y el 6%. Para Colombia, los mercados que la componen en orden de porcentaje de participación son los siguientes: bebidas gaseosas (47%), agua (19%), jugos de fruta (17%), té (9%), bebidas funcionales (6%) y néctares (2%). Se trata de un sector maduro de alta concentración donde los principales competidores son Femsa y Postobón para los diferentes segmentos, aunque ya existe presencia de otras marcas como Alpina, Bavaria, Nestlé, Alquería y AjeColombia que incursionan en varias de las nuevas categorías y retan la principal de bebidas gaseosas, para el caso de la última marca mencionada. Con este análisis estaremos en capacidad de identificar de manera clara cómo es la situación actual del sector, qué nuevas oportunidades de negocio pueden presentarse y cómo responder en un ambiente cada vez más competitivo donde la clave es innovación y diferenciación. La metodología AESE iniciará con un análisis de hacinamiento que revisará cuál es el “efecto manada” que le impone al imitar las mejores prácticas de otras empresas. Luego, con el panorama competitivo se pueden identificar oportunidades no atendidas aún en el sector que pueden proporcionar mejores estrategias de mercado y generar innovación y diversificación. Finalmente, al revisar los competidores se encontrará un estado actual del sector y su comportamiento frente a ventajas y desventajas competitivas. Los resultados de este análisis permitirán entonces mirar un concepto de perdurabilidad empresarial con factores decisivos para la toma de decisiones que generen impacto en la empresa, en sus empleados, sus proveedores, en el sector público y privado, así como en el entorno social donde se desempeña

La imagen y la narrativa como herramientas para el abordaje psicosocial en escenarios de violencia. Departamento de Meta

Este trabajo analiza dos casos significativos como lo es el caso del Shimaia y la masacre en El Salado. Shimaia narra la historia de la comunidad Bari, desplazada por explotaciones petroleras y violencia en el que, a pesar de adaptarse a nuevas leyes el desplazamiento fortaleció la unidad del pueblo Bari resaltando la resiliencia colectiva ante experiencias traumáticas. Por otro lado, En El Salado, la masacre del año 2000 perpetrada por paramilitares provocó desplazamiento, violencia sexual y pérdida de vidas, afectando la salud mental y la identidad cultural, ocasionando emergentes psicosociales que revelan impactos a largo plazo, desde la salud física hasta dinámicas familiares. La comunidad busca justicia y muestra resiliencia, transformando la narrativa de víctima a sobreviviente, de esta forma se plantean estrategias psicosociales para abordar este caso. Finalmente se encuentra un informe reflexivo destacando la fotovoz, revelando actos de violencia y resiliencia en imágenes, también se aborda la raíz de la violencia en Colombia enfatizando el papel crucial de la familia en el desarrollo emocional y como la fotografía y narrativa impactan psicosocialmente generando diálogo, empatía y resiliencia social, estas herramientas son esenciales para la memoria histórica, la justicia y la transformación psicosocial. De esta manera el diálogo y relaciones dialógicas emergen como impulsores poderosos para abordar y prevenir la violencia social, conectando los casos y resaltando la importancia de comprender y abordar las complejidades psicosociales en situaciones de violencia y desplazamiento.This study examines two significant cases, namely the Shimaia case and the massacre in El Salado. Shimaia tells the story of the Bari community, displaced by oil exploitation and violence, where despite adapting to new laws, displacement strengthened the unity of the Bari people, highlighting collective resilience in the face of traumatic experiences. On the other hand, in El Salado, the massacre in 2000 perpetrated by paramilitaries led to displacement, sexual violence, and loss of lives, affecting mental health and cultural identity. This resulted in psychosocial emergents revealing long-term impacts, from physical health to family dynamics. The community seeks justice and demonstrates resilience, transforming the narrative from victimhood to survivorship. In this light, psychosocial strategies are proposed to address this case. Finally, a reflective report emphasizes photovoice, revealing acts of violence and resilience through images. The root of violence in Colombia is also addressed, emphasizing the crucial role of the family in emotional development. Photography and narrative are explored as impactful tools, generating psychosocial impact, dialogue, empathy, and social resilience. These tools are essential for historical memory, justice, and psychosocial transformation. In this way, dialogue and dialogical relationships emerge as powerful drivers to address and prevent social violence, connecting the cases and highlighting the importance of understanding and addressing psychosocial complexities in situations of violence and displacement

Grupo español de cirugía torácica asistida por videoimagen: método, auditoría y resultados iniciales de una cohorte nacional prospectiva de pacientes tratados con resecciones anatómicas del pulmón

Introduction: our study sought to know the current implementation of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) for anatomical lung resections in Spain. We present our initial results and describe the auditing systems developed by the Spanish VATS Group (GEVATS). Methods: we conducted a prospective multicentre cohort study that included patients receiving anatomical lung resections between 12/20/2016 and 03/20/2018. The main quality controls consisted of determining the recruitment rate of each centre and the accuracy of the perioperative data collected based on six key variables. The implications of a low recruitment rate were analysed for '90-day mortality' and 'Grade IIIb-V complications'. Results: the series was composed of 3533 cases (1917 VATS; 54.3%) across 33 departments. The centres' median recruitment rate was 99% (25-75th:76-100%), with an overall recruitment rate of 83% and a data accuracy of 98%. We were unable to demonstrate a significant association between the recruitment rate and the risk of morbidity/mortality, but a trend was found in the unadjusted analysis for those centres with recruitment rates lower than 80% (centres with 95-100% rates as reference): grade IIIb-V OR=0.61 (p=0.081), 90-day mortality OR=0.46 (p=0.051). Conclusions: more than half of the anatomical lung resections in Spain are performed via VATS. According to our results, the centre's recruitment rate and its potential implications due to selection bias, should deserve further attention by the main voluntary multicentre studies of our speciality. The high representativeness as well as the reliability of the GEVATS data constitute a fundamental point of departure for this nationwide cohort

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

A survey of the clinicopathological and molecular characteristics of patients with suspected Lynch syndrome in Latin America

Background: Genetic counselling and testing for Lynch syndrome (LS) have recently been introduced in several Latin America countries. We aimed to characterize the clinical, molecular and mismatch repair (MMR) variants spectrum of patients with suspected LS in Latin America. Methods: Eleven LS hereditary cancer registries and 34 published LS databases were used to identify unrelated families that fulfilled the Amsterdam II (AMSII) criteria and/or the Bethesda guidelines or suggestive of a dominant colorectal (CRC) inheritance syndrome. Results: We performed a thorough investigation of 15 countries and identified 6 countries where germline genetic testing for LS is available and 3 countries where tumor testing is used in the LS diagnosis. The spectrum of pathogenic MMR variants included MLH1 up to 54%, MSH2 up to 43%, MSH6 up to 10%, PMS2 up to 3% and EPCAM up to 0.8%. The Latin America MMR spectrum is broad with a total of 220 different variants which 80% were private and 20% were recurrent. Frequent regions included exons 11 of MLH1 (15%), exon 3 and 7 of MSH2 (17 and 15%, respectively), exon 4 of MSH6 (65%), exons 11 and 13 of PMS2 (31% and 23%, respectively). Sixteen international founder variants in MLH1, MSH2 and MSH6 were identified and 41 (19%) variants have not previously been reported, thus representing novel genetic variants in the MMR genes. The AMSII criteria was the most used clinical criteria to identify pathogenic MMR carriers although microsatellite instability, immunohistochemistry and family history are still the primary methods in several countries where no genetic testing for LS is available yet. Conclusion: The Latin America LS pathogenic MMR variants spectrum included new variants, frequently altered genetic regions and potential founder effects, emphasizing the relevance implementing Lynch syndrome genetic testing and counseling in all of Latin America countries.Radium Hospital Foundation (Oslo, Norway) in the design of the study and collection, analysis, and interpretation of data and in writing the manuscript, Helse Sør-Øst (Norway) in the design of the study and collection, analysis, and interpretation of data and in writing the manuscript, the French Association Recherche contre le Cancer (ARC) in the analysis, and interpretation of data, the Groupement des Entreprises Françaises dans la Lutte contre le Cancer (Gefluc) in the analysis, and interpretation of data, the Association Nationale de la Recherche et de la Technologie (ANRT, CIFRE PhD fellowship to H.T.) in the analysis, and interpretation of data and by the OpenHealth Institute in the analysis, and interpretation of data. Barretos Cancer Hospital received financial support by FINEP-CT-INFRA (02/2010)info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Consistent patterns of common species across tropical tree communities

Trees structure the Earth’s most biodiverse ecosystem, tropical forests. The vast number of tree species presents a formidable challenge to understanding these forests, including their response to environmental change, as very little is known about most tropical tree species. A focus on the common species may circumvent this challenge. Here we investigate abundance patterns of common tree species using inventory data on 1,003,805 trees with trunk diameters of at least 10 cm across 1,568 locations1,2,3,4,5,6 in closed-canopy, structurally intact old-growth tropical forests in Africa, Amazonia and Southeast Asia. We estimate that 2.2%, 2.2% and 2.3% of species comprise 50% of the tropical trees in these regions, respectively. Extrapolating across all closed-canopy tropical forests, we estimate that just 1,053 species comprise half of Earth’s 800 billion tropical trees with trunk diameters of at least 10 cm. Despite differing biogeographic, climatic and anthropogenic histories7, we find notably consistent patterns of common species and species abundance distributions across the continents. This suggests that fundamental mechanisms of tree community assembly may apply to all tropical forests. Resampling analyses show that the most common species are likely to belong to a manageable list of known species, enabling targeted efforts to understand their ecology. Although they do not detract from the importance of rare species, our results open new opportunities to understand the world’s most diverse forests, including modelling their response to environmental change, by focusing on the common species that constitute the majority of their trees.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe